As a result of input from players, fast short-pitched balls over head height can now be called a wide and not a no-ball.

This is aimed at preventing bowlers using the last ball of the over to prevent a batsman changing ends.

In first-class games bowlers had the right to bowl two bouncers, while in one-day games they were allowed one bouncer an over.

With umpires now able to judge on that basis, the batsman can get an extra ball from the wide.

The change to the law states: "... a ball that passes above head height of the batsman, that prevents him being able to hit it with his bat by means of a normal cricket stroke shall be called a wide."

At the same time umpires have also been given the power to include the wide ball as one of the allowable short-pitched deliveries in the over.

In one-day games the wide rule will also apply to short-pitched balls.

Other changes to the playing conditions this year preclude the use of artificial lighting in first-class matches.

In regard to over-rate penalties, umpires will be asked to indicate any mitigating circumstances for a team's over-rate falling below 15 per hour.

Also, for a consultation to take place between umpires on a decision, the consulted umpire must be in a better position to see. Hearing does not come into the equation.

© CricInfo